KALENDARJ \L INDEX. 



1157 



Open ground de- 



Frtit-ceilar. (2299.) If you have attended pro- 

 perly to casking up keeping-apples and pears, you 

 will still have a supply, and even of grapes in some 

 cases. If the cellar gets too warm, the casks should 

 be removed to the ice-house. 



5. Culinary hot-house department. 



Glass case without artificial heat. Plant out 

 melons and cucumbers shading and watering, &c. 

 (3164. and 3271.) 



Hot-beds and pits. Prune melons and cucumbers ; 

 give air and water, and attend to shading and weed- 

 ing; collect mushroom-spawn; attend to young 

 pines. (2718.) 



Pinery. You will now begin to cut fruit in 

 abundance. See to the stools : earth them up, so 

 as to cause the suckers to strike root : put them 

 into a brisk bottom-heat, and give proper supplies 

 of water. You will thus gain much time, and 

 profit from the expiring strength of the parent 

 plant as long as possible. This is the true way to 

 fruit a pine-plant in eighteen months or even less 

 time. Suckers thus treated will, next spring, be 

 equal to two-year-old plants. (2936.) 



Forcing-houses. Expose those houses, where 

 crops are taken, to the natural climate, by remov- 

 ing, as far as possible, the roof, and even the ends 

 and front, if they are moveable. (3110.) 



6'. Flower-garden, 

 partment. 



Sow a few annuals, for succession, and prolong- 

 ation in pots through winter. (6507.) 



Propagate (6490.) from cuttings of plants going 

 out of flower; from rooted slips of such as are 

 ripening their seed, as auriculas and the primula 

 tribe ; go on piping and laying the dianthus tribe. 

 (6412.) 



Take up bulbs as they go out of flower : this work 

 should generally be completed by the end of the 

 first week, unless for the lily tribe, the colchicum, 

 and a few others. 



Transplant late sowings of annuals, and also bi- 

 ennials and perennials, into nursery rows. (2079.) 



Routine culture. Eradicate all weeds the moment 

 they appear : keep the surface always fresh, and 

 rather rough, never smooth and battered. It is 

 better to have little clods and knots of earth, than 

 to have a naked or dug surface as smooth as a 

 table. The clods and knots make variety of light 

 and shade, and are besides more favorable for the 

 admission of air, heat, and water to the roots. 

 Shade, shelter, and water. Gather seeds as they 

 ripen, and dry them in the seed-room or lofts, the 

 windows being open. Destroy insects ; cut out 

 broken stalks, and diseased parts of plants. Cut 

 down stalks which have done flowering, and remove 

 all decayed leaves. 



Gather flowers neatly with a knife, and so as not 

 to disfigure the plant. (6196.) Gather in general 

 from the reserve-garden, so as not to disfigure the 

 borders. 



Store-room. (1704.) Look over your bulbs now 

 and then, to see that none get mouldy. See also to 

 your newly put-up seeds. (1705.) 



7. Flower-garden. — Hot-house depart- 

 ment. 

 Glass case without artificial heat. (2686.) Most of 



these, at this season, are given up to the kitchen- 

 garden, or used to protect at nights the tender an- 

 nuals, some of which, as the humble and sensitive 

 plant, cannot so well be put out in the borders. 

 (6724. and 6725.) 



Hot-beds and pits. (2678.) Little use is now made 

 of them by the florist, unless for propagation of 

 stove plants. Attend to cuttings from whatever 

 department. If you are endeavoring to flower the 

 more delicate aquatics, see to the keeping up a re- 

 gular heat. 



Green-house. (6211.) This will now be filled with 

 pots of tender annuals, which only require shifting 

 now and then till of a certain growth ; and then 

 only common routine culture. 



Dry-stove. (6176.) Some set out a part of the suc- 

 culent tribe at this season. If you do, let it be in a 

 very warm situation : heavy and continued rains 

 prove very injurious to succulents in the open air. 



Bark, or moist-stove. (6214.) Increase the tem- 

 perature with the increase of light, and add air and 

 water accordingly. Attend to all the minor points 

 of culture. See that the floors or paths of your 

 stoves are swept every day, and wash your plants 

 well with the engine, otherwise they will soon get 

 unsightly. Be sure to dash this water on all plants 

 in blossom, in order to curtail their beauty, and lest 

 they should set fruit. 



8. Pleasure-ground and shrubbery. 



Prune (2110.) as in last month : box-edgings and 

 evergreen hedges in the last week of this month, if 

 the season is a forward one. (6190.) 



Routine culture as in June. 



Lawns. (6191. and 6097.) Attend to these, accord- 

 ing as the weather may be showery or otherwise. 

 In dry weather, set your men to mowing at three 

 o'clock, and let them rest from eleven till three 

 o'clock : in moist weather the time of the day is of 

 less consequence. In France and Italy, the work- 

 ing gardeners, during summer, may be said to do 

 the principal part of their work early in the morn- 

 ing, and late in the evening. 



Gravel-walks. Weed and roll these in moist 

 weather. When dry, and the gravel becomes loose, 

 water and roll. (1957.) 



9. Trees. — Nursery department. 



Fruit-trees. Attend to budding, and look over 

 your grafted trees ; pinch off all obtruding shoots 

 and suckers. (2039.) 



Ornamental trees and shrubs. Continue laying 

 summer shoots, and plant cuttings and bud as in last 

 month. (2050.) 



Forest trees. Sow elm-seed ; attend to weeding 

 and cleaning all beds and rows of seedlings, or other 

 nurslings, and of transplanted trees. (7023.) 



10. Trees. — Permanent plantations and 

 park-scenery. 



Prune (2110.) evergreens in the last week, if the 

 summer has been so favorable as nearly to ripen 

 the wood. 



Routine culture. Attend to kitchen, or field 

 crops, among young plantations ; and to large 

 weeds everywhere. Do not forget hedges and 

 other fences : keep all sorts of fences at all times 

 in repair. (6820.) Few operations in landscape-gar- 

 dening can now be commenced ; but some, as ex- 

 cavating for water, &c. may go on. 



AUGUST. 



Weather 



London - 

 Edinburgh 

 Dublin • 



Average of 

 the Ther- 

 mometer. 



65 85 

 60 fi 

 62 82 



Greatest 

 Variation 

 from the 

 Average. 



Average 



of the 



Barometer. 



30 06 

 29 S2S 

 50 172 



Quantity 

 of Rain. 



0-824 inch. 



1-996 



5-858 



REMARKS. 

 This is the barn, or harvest month of the Saxons ; many seeds 

 of herbaceous vegetables ripen in this month, and most 

 sorts of culinary crops, raised in the open garden, are now 

 in perfection. Insects, especially the winged tribes, now 

 abound ; and the young gardener should be assiduous in 

 collecting them for the same object as he collects speci- 

 mens of plants. By carrying a small box in his pocket, he 

 may pick them up while at work. 



1. Kalendar of animated nature round 

 London. 



In the first week : flying ants {Formica) appear ; 

 bees kill their drones ; and the swallow-tailed but- 

 terfly {Papilio machaon) appears. 



Second week : young martins {Hirundo urbica) and 

 swallows ( Hirundo rustica) begin to congregate, and 

 swifts (Hirundo apus) to depart ; the whame, or 

 burrcl-fly {(Estrus bovis), lays eggs on horses. 



4 



Third week: the black-eyed marble-butterfly 

 {Papilio semele) appears; various birds reassume 

 their spring notes. 



iourth week : the nuthatch (Sitta europcea) chat- 

 ters ; the stone-curlew {Charadrius ccdicnemus) 

 whistles at night; the goatsucker Caprimulgm 

 europteus) and young owls {Strix ulula) make a 

 noise in the evening ; robin-redbreast (Motaci/la 



! rubecola) sings ; and rooks roost on their nest- 



1 trees. 



E 3 



