86 GARDEN-CRAFT. 



are English, but English with a difference — with a 

 declared tendency this way or that, which justifies 

 classification, and illustrates the march of things in 

 this changeful modern w^orld. 



The various types include the mediaeval garden, 

 the square garden, the knots and figures of Eliza- 

 bethan times, with their occasional use of coloured 

 earths and gravels ; the pleach-work and intricate 

 borders of James I. ; the painted Dutch statues as at 

 Ham House ; the quaint canals, the winding gravel- 

 walks, the formal geometrical figures ; the quincunx 

 and (^toile of William and Mary ; later on, the 

 smooth, bare, and bald grounds of Kent, the photo- 

 graphic copyism of Nature by Brown, the garden- 

 farm of Shenstone, and other phases of the " Land- 

 scajDe style " which served for the green grave of 

 the old-fashioned English garden. 



In the early years of George HI. a reaction 

 against tradition set in with so strong a current, 

 that there remains scarcely any private garden in 

 the United Kingdom which presents in all its parts 

 a sample of the original design. 



Levens, near Kendal, of which I give two illustra- 

 tions, is probably the least spoiled of any remaining 

 examples ; and this was, it would seem, planned by 

 a Frenchman, but worked out under the restraining 

 influences of English taste. A picture on the stair- 

 case of the house, apparently Dutch, bears the 

 inscription, " M. Beaumont, gardener to King James 

 n. and Colonel James Grahme. He laid out the 

 gardens at Hampton Court and at Levens." The 



