LANDSCAPE GARDENING. 301 



deducted from the jet ; therefore anything close to the water's 

 surface will give us all the power in the jet. 



Artesian Wells. — Where the springs are favourable and 

 the water will rise above the surface, these are of the greatest 

 value and importance ; because tubes may be put on the outlet 

 and carried up as high as the water will go, and may be con- 

 veyed to any ]3art of the premises below its upper level. 

 The Artesian well is a hole bored in the soil, not more than 

 a few inches wide, and is adopted where a good supply is 

 wanted and water lies very low. Many wells in this country 

 have been sunk 300 feet deep, and even then there have not 

 been many feet of water. If the main spring had been pene- 

 trated in those cases by the boring system, it is just possible 

 the water might actually have risen to the surface. Now, the 

 boring for Avater is a very common practice, and although the 

 spring may not rise to the surface, or within a certain distance 

 of it, the well has only to be sunk deep enough to hold the 

 necessary supply. The depth of the bore, to reach the main 

 spring at any particular spot, is a lottery ; the land-sprmgs 

 may be reached in a few feet, but a suppl}^ from this source is 

 uncertain, and is always affected by the weather — sometimes, 

 indeed, the land-springs are all dried up, and great loss of 

 labour, time, and money is the result. The jDrofessional borers 

 for water can frequently tell at what depth they will reach 

 the main spring so nearly, that they will contract to do it at 

 a price. The certainty of a supply from this source, and the 

 known superior quahty of the water, render it an important 

 feature in an establishment. We know that at the Duke of 

 Buccleugh's seat, Eichmond, water was once supplied to the 

 first, and, we think, the second floor, from an Artesian well ; 

 and that the main spring is affected to a great distance by 

 every new intrusion of the borers' apparatus is certain, for we 

 know the Duke's was lowered several feet by a new well bored 

 on the opposite side of the river Thames. One of the first 

 inquiries on looking at an estate should be about water. We 

 remember being called on to give our opinion as to the eligi- 

 bility of an estate in Surrey, and on entering the farmyard Ave 

 saw what to us was enough for us, and " won't do " escaped us 

 before we had gone ten yards into the premises. AVe ad- 

 dressed a labouring man Avho Avas in charge of the place : 

 " Who do those two water carts belong to 1 " " They go Avith 

 the premises." " AVhat use are they 1 " " We have to fetch 



