LANDSCAPE GARDENING. 307 



people want a space large enough to accommodate a tea-party, 

 or a dozen convi"snal friends in an arbonr, they must build 

 accordingly ; but the majority will prefer one that would 

 merely contain seats for three, four, or half-a-dozen; and 

 there is this distinction between arbours and sununer-houses, 

 the arbour has no roof but the branches of trees, the summer- 

 house has a solid roof The use of a frame for the former 

 is to keep the branches which shelter us from coming down 

 too low, and to restrain the growth of everything within 

 bounds. However pretty an iron or wood frame may be to 

 look at unfurnished, it is the gardener's place to conceal it as 

 soon as possible. A homely but useful kind of frame may be 

 made with long wooden rods stuck in the ground a foot apart 

 for the sides, with cross rods of straight wood tied at two feet 

 from the ground and at five feet, the rods tied across at 

 the top, and a cross-piece fastened where they meet and cross 

 each other ; the spare ends may then be shortened : these 

 may be furnished with tropeolums, convolvolus major, hops, 

 Virginian creepers, honeysuckles, climbing roses, jasmines, 

 vines, ivj, or with any close-groAving trees ; but those sulyects 

 which will, after growing, keep in their places are the best, 

 because the old frame may rot and the arbour remain as good 

 ds ever. A\Tien two trees are close enough together, we may 

 form a good and improving roof by tying them into each 

 other. Yew-trees will make excellent arbours, for they can be 

 cut into any form ; but as these things are merely intended 

 as summer retreats for the sake of the shade, few people care 

 for evergreen coverings ; deciduous trees and plants answer 

 all the purposes, so that there is a great choice of subjects ; 

 but those which make their wood and only have to open each 

 leaf are better than climbers which have to make all their 

 growth from the ground like hops. 



SuMMER-HousES, Gardbn ARCHITECTURE. — Summcr-houses 

 — and winter-houses would be quite as good a name — are 

 roofed to keep out rain, snow, sleet, and hail, and may be of 

 any form that harmonizes with the surrounding scenery, or, 

 if secluded, of any shape we please. Temples are great 

 favourites, and when constructed with taste are highly orna- 

 mental. These should be closed on three sides, if open in 

 front, but the open front should face the south-west as near 

 as may be ; and should be entered by a flight of steps. It will 

 then be high, dry, and useful ; and, where the surrounding 



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