350 PRACTICAL GARDENING. 



first soak the ground all round it, so that the earth adheres 

 to the roots, and again soak it when it is put in its place, so 

 that the earth may be settled down close to it. The trees 

 and shrubs are necessarily the same, however the rest of the 

 garden may be maintained ; and it is not to be forgotten that 

 biennials, such as are worth the culture, may be depended 

 on ; but many biennials may be treated like perennials, and 

 be perpetuated by cuttings, and these, perhaps, are the prin- 

 cipal useful ones. For instance, the blood and golden double 

 wallflowers are splendid subjects ; and flowering early, as 

 they do, and yielding the most beautiful aroma, they are in 

 all respects grateful to the sight and smell. There are, how- 

 ever, others, such as the scabious, the Canterbury bell, blue 

 and white rocket; but for the most part they flower when 

 there are so many better things in bloom, that, excejDt in very 

 extensive places, they are not very useful. The sweetwilliam 

 is an exception, perhaps, but it is almost a perennial, and 

 is now being produced very double and beautiful, and can 

 always be perpetuated by cuttings, or layers, so that we hardly 

 place it among the useless, but it must depend on the quality 

 of the individual variety as to whether it be w^orth a place. 

 All the subjects we have mentioned may be grown as we have 

 directed in a nursery-garden, in patches not larger than a 

 thirty-two sized flower-pot would cover ; and the time to 

 remove them is, when they are about to throw out their bloom- 

 buds, or before, if there be room to fill up, and nothing for- 

 warder to place there. 



GAEDEl^S UITDER GLASS. 



These, in all probability, will become general, for it is clear 

 that the mere protection of glass, without artificial heat of 

 any kind, will enable us to grow many hard-wooded plants 

 hitherto confined to the greenhouse or warm pits ; and it is 

 also obvious that hardy plants will be hastened in their bloom 

 and preserved in their foliage by no greater protection than 

 a well-built house with thick sheet-glass windows or sashes. 

 There are a few rules to be observed in managing these gar- 

 dens under glass, for this appears to be the proper name, 

 where the only difference between the covered and the open 

 portion of the garden is the glass which covers a part. A 

 few rules may suffice. First, for instance, all the plants 



