Trees and Shrubs 6i 



and straw and lime, if it can be obtained at a 

 moderate price. 



'• In case there is underlying the whole region 

 a coarse gravel or impenetrable clay, all attempts 

 are hopeless. Any one who plants lindens in heavy 

 loam, chestnuts in marl, beeches in peat, planes 

 in quicksand, as I have of^en seen done, has him- 

 self to blame when he raises cripples instead of 

 trees. So much for transplanting single trees. With 

 regard to the art of their grouping I will add the 

 following: Frequently several trees may be planted 

 close together in one and the same hole, some 

 fork-like; sometimes five to six should be placed 

 in almost straight lines, etc.; for groups symmet- 

 rically rounded off become as monotonous in the 

 end as do regular alleys. The accompanying illus- 

 tration (Plate III, a and b") shows two ground- 

 plans with the same number of trees, one badly 

 and one well grouped: c shows artificially, and 

 d naturally, planted groups. On slopes, because 

 of the long shadows they throw, single trees show -|~ 

 better than groups. On flat ground trees should 

 less often stand out singly, but should be so dis- 

 posed as to give the eye a certain continuity of 

 view, not too much broken up, here by sweep- 

 ing, there by nearer, sometimes round, sometimes 

 extended, groups. 



A pleasing effect is frequently obtained by 

 planting two entirely different species of trees in 

 the same hole, such as birch and alder, willow 

 and oak, of which I possess a very picturesque 

 specimen in my "pleasure-ground," or by allow- 



