63 



in 1533. Lucas Ghinus at Bologna, who was the first public 

 professor of Botany in Europe, was a strenuous advocate of 

 such Institutions, By his influence a similar Garden was es- 

 tablished at Bologna in 1647, where Dr. Turner, whom wo 

 shall presently notice, first imbibed much of that knowledge, 

 which rendered him eminent in this country. Among the ear- 

 liest private Gardens of the same kind was that of Enricus 

 Cordus, at Bremen, who died in 1538 ; and of INIordecius at 

 CasseI,^who flourished about the same time. Gesner con- 

 structed the first Botanic Garden in Switzerland at Zurich, in 

 1560 ; one was established at Paris, in 1570 ; at Leyden, in 

 1577 ; Leipsic, 1580 ; Montpelier, 1^98 ; Jena, 1628 ; Oxford, 

 1632. This last owes its fuundation to the munificence of 

 Henry Dauvers, Earl of Danby, who for the purpose gave five 

 Acres of ground on the banks of the Charwel, to the South of 

 St. Mary MagdaUnies. lie built Greenhouses and Stoves, en- 

 closed it with Stone Walls fourteen feet high, eroded a house 

 for the Gardener, and endowed the establishment. Sir Jacob 

 and Sir Andrew Balfour endowed one at Edinburgh, in 1680 ; 

 and the Apothecaries company founded that at Chelsea, iu 

 1673. This last named expensive establislmient was com- 

 menced at a time when the Company was without any disposa- 

 ble funds ; and w hen to enter upon the undertaking, as well as 

 to ve-erect their Hall, burnt down in the Great Fire, they were 

 obliged to have recourse to the private resources of the mem- 

 bers. — Conduct which redounds to their honour, for tlie outlay 

 was without any prospect of pecuniary advantage, but merely 

 from a desire to promote the objects of Science. 



The advantage to Horticulture, by this establishment of 

 Botanic Gardens was of the first importance. No Plant can 

 be cultivated with success, unless its native climate, soil, and 

 habits are attended to. This and still more is acquired in a 

 Botanic Garden, where Plants and their congeners are associ- 

 ated in cultivaliou. National establishments of this kind have 



