88 A HISTORY OF GARDENING IN ENGLAND. 



for dilif^ence in inakin<; knottes in the Duke's garden." And 

 in the same year, among the accounts of the fifth Earl of 

 Northumberland, a gardener is mentioned as being employed 

 to *'' attend hourly in the garden for setting of erbis, and 

 clypping of knottes, and sweeping the said garden cleaner 

 hourly." The designs of these knots were very varied. They 

 were either geometrical patterns, or fanciful shapes of animals ; 

 the intricate geometric designs being evidently the most popular, 

 as they occur most frequently in books. (See illustration.) The 

 other style is described in the following poemi* : — 



" Then we went to the garden glorious 



Like to a place, of pleasure most solacious : 

 With Flora painted and wrought curiously 

 In divers knottes of marveylous greatnes 

 Rampande lyons, stode by wonderfly 

 Made all of herbes, with dulset swetenes 

 With many dragons, of marveylous likenes 

 Of diuers floures, made full craftely 

 B3' Flora couloured, with colours sundrye." 



The following are some of the flowers that were cultivated 

 in these knottes, or in the borders, in Tudor times, that 

 are mentioned by contemporary writers : — Acanthus, asphodel, 

 auricula, amaranthe, or "blites," bachelor's buttons, cornflowers, 

 or "bottles," cowslips, daffodils, daisies, "French broome," 

 gilliflowers (3 varieties), hollyhock, iris, jasmine, lavender, lilies, 

 lily of the valley, marigold, narcissus (yellow and white), pansies, 

 or heartsease, peony, periwinkle, poppy, primrose, rocket, 

 roses, rosemary, snapdragon, stock gilliflowers, sweet william, 

 wall-flowers, winter-cherry, violet, and besides these, other 

 sweet smelling herbs, such as mint and marjoram. 



Having now gone through some of the principal features of a 

 Tudor garden, the railed beds, knottes, the mount, arbours, and 

 galleries, let us consider further, not only what gardens were 

 made, but what happened to the old gardens in existence during 

 the first part of this period. We have seen, in an earlier chapter, 

 something of the position held by the monastery gardens 



* The Htstorie of Graunde Amoiire ami la hell Pitcell, called t/ie Pastime 

 of Pleasure. By Stephen Hawes. V.d. 1554. 



