EARLY TUDOR GARDENS. 91 



The Earl of Surrey made extensive gardens round the house 

 he built on the site of St. Leonard's Priory, near Norwich, which 

 he called Mount Surrey. About this time the closing of some of 

 the common lands caused some considerable riots, and in 1549 

 all the trees in the appleyards at Mount Surrey were destroyed by 

 the rebels, and used for making tents and huts. This was one of 

 the earliest of important gardens laid out on the site of a religious 

 house, and it was not until a succeeding generation, when the 

 taste for gardening was still more universal, that many others of 

 the new proprietors followed this example. 



We have already had occasion to refer to Hampton Court, in 

 describing the characteristics of Tudor gardens. There are such 

 full accounts left of the expenses incurred in making these 

 gardens, both under the direction of Cardinal Wolsey and of 

 Henry VIII., that, although we do not know the exact plan, a 

 very fair idea of what they were like may be gathered. The land 

 which Wolsey covered with the building, gardens and park, 

 consisted of two thousand acres. In the south-west corner of this 

 ground stood the old manor house, and round this the Cardinal 

 laid out gardens and orchards, separated by brick walls, and 

 beyond the walls, a park. He retained part of the manor house 

 garden, for it is noted several times as " the old garden." John 

 Chapman was head-gardener at this time, and remained in that 

 position, with a salary of ^12 a year, when the King took 

 possession of the disgraced Cardinal's lands in 1529. The 

 gardens were soon after greatly enlarged. A new orchard was 

 made to the north of the old gardens, and pears, damsons, 

 medlars, cherries, apples, cucumbers and melons were grown, 

 and forty-three bushels of strawberries were planted at one 

 time. There was a flower-garden which supplied the Queen 

 with roses, and a kitchen garden, where " herbes for the king's 

 table" were grown. A part of these gardens was destroyed when 

 the new ones were made in 1533. The ground was then manured 

 and carefully measured out into several plots, each surrounded by 

 a brick wall. The largest plot was the King's new garden, the 

 site of which is now called the " Privy Garden." In this there 

 were gravel paths, and little raised mounds with sundials on them, 

 and between the paths, railed beds cut in the grass. The rails 



