ELIZABETHAN FLOWER GARDEN. 131 



is usually used by contemporary writers for such fountains, and 

 seems to point to their introduction from France. 



Other pieces of water were introduced into gardens ; like 

 the trout, stream running through the orchard at Littlecote, 

 or the stream in the Deanery garden at Winchester, where 

 Isaac Walton used to fish. Beddington (in Surrey), which 

 belonged to Francis Carew, was described by Wurmsser von 

 Vendenheyn, in 1610, as " one of the most pleasant and 

 ornamental gardens in England, with many beautiful streams." 

 At Theobalds and Hatfield there was water. At Hatfield * 

 the banks of the stream in what was called the dell, 

 were beautified with flower-beds and sundry arbours and 

 walks, which were connected with the vineyard on the opposite 

 bank by ornamental bridges. The works were designed 

 and carried out by Mountain Jennings, gardener to the first 

 Earl of Salisbury. A Frenchman, named Simon Sturtivant, 

 planned some elaborate water-works, which were never executed 

 owing to the Earl's death in 1612, as also did Soloman de 

 Caux. One jet d'eau, however, from a design of the latter, 

 was made at a cost of ;^ii3 and consisted of a marble basin 

 with a statue of Neptune ; 310 lbs. of solder were used to cast 

 the figure, which was probably gilded afterwards. De Caux was 

 the designer of the gardens at Wilton, for the Earl of Pembroke, 

 where there were " foure fountaynes with statues of marble in 

 their midle," and "two Ponds with Fountaynes and two 

 collumnes in the middle, casting water all their height, which 

 causeth the moveing and turning of two crownes at the top of 

 the same." Besides this, the river passed through the garden, 

 and was spanned by an ornamental bridge. The latter was 

 removed later on, and the well-known work of Inigo Jones built 

 in its place. 



The garden at Theobalds is also described by Hentzner 

 in 1591 : — " In the gallery was painted the genealogy of the 

 kings of England ; from this place one goes into the garden, 

 encompassed with water, large enough for one to have the 

 pleasure of going in a boat, and rowing between the shrubs ; 



* From family MSS. belonging to the Marquess of Salisbury. 



