Suburban Home Grounds. 43 



foundation shaped 1 foot below the proposed finished surface. 

 The bottom layer of stone is composed of pieces of broken, 

 stone averaging 8 inches in size, set upon end. The spaces 

 between the larger stones are filled and wedged with smaller 

 pinning stones. On this bottom foundation layer a 3 inch 

 layer of the medium size H inch or 2^ inch crushed stone 

 should be placed and thoroughly rolled until smooth. After 

 this has been done a finishing layer 1 inch in thickness 

 of small crushed stones and screenings mixed should be placed, 

 rolled, and watered until a smooth hard surface is obtained. 

 If necessary a little clay or binding gravel may be used for a 

 binder in the finishing courses. 



The grades of the drive should be as easy as possible; an 

 approach or main entrance drive should not have over 5 

 feet rise in the 100 feet, a service drive not over 7 feet. 

 In extreme cases it may be necessary to increase these figures 

 to 10 feet in the 100. 



Walks or paths are designed and built on the same deter- 

 mining principles. There should be some reason for their 

 being: as, to go to an arbor, a tennis coiu-t, the doors of the 

 house, or other buildings. Mere meandering walks without 

 any occasion for their use are not objects of beauty. They 

 may be constructed either of gi-avel or macadam, and the widths 

 vary from 2 to 8 feet according to the purpose to be served. 

 The grade of the walk should be as easy as possible, never over 

 12 feet in 100. A crown of ^ inch to the foot on the sides and 

 rounding in the middle is ample for a walk. See Plates XXI 

 and XXII. 



In steeper slopes where it is desirable to carry a walk, steps 

 should be used to overcome the steep gi-adc. These can be 

 built to fit the ground or may be short flights with a short 

 run of walk between each flight. The steps may be built of 

 wootl, stone, or brick. See Plate XI. 



When there is but little use, yet a means or communication 

 is desired, stepping stones should be substituted for the walk. 



