76 How to Lay Out 



cral form, the appearance as a whole, that gives the sense of 

 balance. See Plates XXV, XXVII, and XXXIV. 



The ground plan or outline of the planting should show 

 prominent points and deep bays; the extent of one's grounds 

 can be greatly increased by the appearance of distance made 

 by a plantation bay. In planning and estimating the number 

 of plants to be used, the determining thought should be whether 

 the planting is to be done for immediate or ultimate effect. If 

 for immediate effect, the number used will be greater than for 

 ultimate effect. The plants when full grown need plenty of 

 room, but if planted when small to allow for the required space 

 there will be large spaces between the shrubs that will need 

 to be kept in grass and mowed or filled with some flowering 

 perennials that will cover the bare ground during the period of 

 growth. 



•, In grouping to conceal any objectionable object, the choice 

 of plants should be made of the kinds that are evergreen, or 

 of a very twiggy nature. If loose growing, they form no bar- 

 rier to the vision in winter. 



Fall and winter effects can also be secured by choosing the 

 kinds that are known to color \vv\l in the fall and retain the 

 berries all winter, such as the Japan barberry. 



The use of evergreen trees and shrubs is d(\>^iral)le for screen- 

 ing purposes, for wind breaks, for hedges, for permanent winter 

 effects, or for backgrounds for showy plants. Unfortunateh', 

 the list of evergreen plants which are perfectly hardy in the 

 northern \ydrt of this country is \-{>ry limited, yet such as we 

 have ai-e worthy of cultivation. The lial)ility of death from 

 a severe winter or from the alternate thawing and frec^zing in 

 the early spring makes the list very small. Remarka])ly fine 

 effects can be obtained by the use of broad leaved evergreens 

 such as rhododendron and mountain laurel. It is also a safe 

 rule to use native evergreens such as the white pine or hem- 

 lock. See Plates XXVII and XXVIII. 



