Fepicsdt tbe cervepastemnm. In a very iaxge nciaber d gaaat cervical 

 scisites are ahra\^ wannng. Pmv ar« poariv or not at all d fni u ptd ia 

 t^ CenucbT-ccidea. None of the RhvodbopiKsa sto£ed jMt w ^ - ^*. a 



cervkai scierire except Euninvcier Tif . 432 , in vidcii it is Tciy small 

 The vearrai cerrkai sfkme is tiie cervisteraam. Hister .Tig. 1S1\ 

 Xacerda ils. 195\ Cucujus Tig. 251\ and a ieir others. ptKsess two smaS 

 cervistensa. wMie Tomaxia Tig. 196 possesses a long narrow one- Tbe 

 ctavi stt ^ i i iigi is CEi ti^ wboie d infreqnent occurrence. The dorsal 

 cerrical soeite is calkd xiK cervinotimi. It occurs even kss irequeEtly 

 ilam ii» cervistern.iLm. Hydious iTig. 13 possesses a snbqisadiangBlar 

 distiDCtly cMriiiized cerviaorsm. In Aleocbara Tig. 2S ■ the cervinorum 

 is drvided inro nro distinct lightly cMtinized sabniangiiiar sderites. 

 T-wo maci larger sqnare-lie sckrites are sdmated caadad of these. All 

 oi tbe Hydro^^iitjdae and Scarabaeidae possess setaceois cando-lateral 

 scaeriies. -s-siii do not seem to be present in the other geaera studied. 



0«ing to the strong chitiniaitjan of the l^ad and the dose nt of the 

 head in ihe prothorax. tiffire is little need for a spedal process or projec- 

 tion on the head for the anicEiation of the cer\-episteninin. Snch a process 

 is called as odoEtcadea. Sosie of the species in which it does occnr are 

 ScapfcidrcEi Tig. 179 . Tr-rn^eras Tig. 219 , Cyphon Tig. 220 . Byrrhns 

 Tig. 223 . Xosooendron Tig. 224 , and Arthromacra Tig. 251 . The 

 iaiter geaas. ii is Interestiiig to note, possesses no cervefKSiemcin. 



Thar pan oif the head-capsnie on the candal suiiace, mesad of the oc- 

 rip raT sutnre and ventrad of eacii occipct. in generalized orthopterons 

 iasects is a postgena. The ocdpnt is considered as extending to near the 

 middie of the dorso-vdtrai length of the occipital iorameru thus limiting 

 the doiTsal extent of the postgenae. The latter are -sridebr SCTarated from 

 each other by the oropital foramen. The lateral parts of the large sub- 

 iwfTinrP! distinctly cmrer the mesal parts of the postgenae. In the Colec^ 

 tea. the ocdjttal snmre separates rhi^ region from the remainder of the 

 head-cajsnie. as in generalized insects, and the ocdpnt is also indis- 

 ti^HEhably fnsed with the postgenae. Bnt the postgenae, instead of 

 bsBg widely 5^)aiated and their mesal parts being covered by the lateral 

 puts <s the snbmennon are directly connected by the broad area located 

 between the occipital foramen and the submentnm T^. 149 ; and the snb- 

 ^i^tion is artadttd to the mesal portion of the cephaHc margin of the 

 pftaa- gpngf This area is indistingnishablv fused with and cndifferentiated 

 fro^ the postgenae in. the hypothetical and the more generalized types of 

 vcBtzal SQEtace. 



Ib goietaBzed insects the submennim is ionied to the cervis by the 

 'HsSfiezoitiated part of the cervrs, the cervacoria. In the cep haH c migra- 

 tjon of the submentsm, a part or aH of the cervacoria must have been 

 drawn in behind. Tbe pwstgenae akme bordered the lateral margins of 



