40 ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS [144 



cells as covered by a "Stabchensaum" (Fig. 43). In his illustration the 

 distinctness of the striae is unmistakable and a splendid basal granule 

 layer is present where each granule is identifiable as well as the fibres run- 

 ning from them into the cell itself. 



Another example of apparent ciliation is to be found in I chthyonetna 

 pelhicidum in the intestinal canal (Fig. 44). Jagerskiold in describing it 

 states that the lining of this material did not resemble the "Stabchenlage" 

 of most nematodes because the little rods were widely separated and quite 

 long. He did not, however, examine any fresh material and concludes, 

 "so glaube ich night fehlzugreifen, wenn ich es als eine eigenthiimlich 

 ausgebildete Stabchenlage und nicht als ein Wimperkleid betrachte." 



An interesting feature of these "bordures en brosse" is that only one 

 author has seen any vibratile motion in the cilia. Cobb (1898) makes this 

 statement: "Toward the end of the seminal vessel, near the ejaculatory 

 duct, the epithelium bears projections having amoeboid movements or 

 cilia having active vibratile motions. This latter interesting fact, first 

 made known by the observer, is of special importance as being the first 

 discovery of a ciliated epithelium among nematodes, a tissue which had 

 been supposed not to exist in the group, and the supposed absence of which 

 had given rise to phylogenetic speculations." He does not, however, 

 present any drawings or name the species in which such a condition occurs 

 and ofifers no other data in any later papers. 



During some observations upon Protospirura muris, the author was 

 particularly struck by the apparent beautiful ciliation of the intestinal 

 cells as they appeared in sections prepared from material killed in Carnoy- 

 phenol. Previous examination of sections from specimens killed by 

 Looss' method, showed a more or less hyaline structureless intestinal lining 

 broken into bristle-like portions here and there which, since they were found 

 in mature specimens, were interpreted as degenerating portions of the 

 cuticular lining as Looss had previously interpreted that structure in 

 Ancylostoma duodenale. More material was killed in Flemming's mixture 

 without acetic acid and sectioned. The cells exhibited the same discrete 

 ciliation which, too, was present in a very young specimen fixed previous 

 to its last moult. This latter fact indicates that the condition is not due to 

 the age of the specimen. 



For further proof of the ciliary nature some fresh, living nematodes 

 were collected and the intestine examined immediately in normal salt 

 solution under dark field illumination and oil immersion. The individual 

 cilia could very plainly be seen in both cases but no motion of their own 

 was ever noted. They would, however, wave back and forth in response to 

 currents of water flowing through the intestine when the slightest pressure 

 shifted the coverglass. The fact that no motion was visible may have 

 been due not to a lack of power of the cilia to beat but to a lack of suitable 



