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United States that give us a legally-protected interest in fish and 

 wildlife resources located many miles from the reservation. 



Because of our tribe's treaty fishing rights on the Columbia River, 

 we have become involved in numerous proceedings concerning the 

 Columbia River basin's salmon runs. These proceedings range from 

 the international Pacific Salmon Commission negotiations to limit 

 the Canadian catch of Columbia River salmon, to efforts under the 

 Endangered Species Act to protect certain upper Columbia River 

 salmon stocks, to self -regulation of tribal fisheries under the 

 United States v. Oregon Columbia River Fish Management Plan. 



Furthermore, our tribe works very hard to protect our off- 

 reservation hunting, fishing and food gathering rights in the ten 

 million acres of north central Oregon that represent our tribe's 

 treaty ceded area. Much of the ceded area is federal land managed 

 by the United States Forest Service and the Bureau of Land 

 Management. We constantly monitor the activities of these agencies 

 to ensure protection of the habitat that supports our treaty 

 hunting, fishing and food gathering rights in the ceded area. 



All of these efforts, both on-reservation and off-reservation, have 

 taxed our staff and policy capabilities beyond our present means. 

 In short, our legal management authority in the area of on- 

 reservation and off-reservation fish and wildlife resources exceeds 

 our ability to actually exercise that authority. 



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