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the world, iu the sense that CERN was a symbol of Western European unity and 

 cooperation. Indeed, this symbolic value was an important reason for its generous 

 governmental support. 



There is a possible variant of Step 5 which is not much discussed. The cost of 

 operation and of equipment for an accelerator over the 15 to 20 years of useful life is 

 considerably higher than the cost of construction. Therefor^it may be of advantage 

 to have an installation constructed with national funding and then have the research, 

 equipment and operation funded and administered internationally. This would avoid 

 the bureaucratic difficulties of an international construction project and it would be 

 a better guarantee that the foreign communities have the same rights and expenses 

 as the home community. In this case all participating nations would pay the costs 

 of running the facility, whereas, today, guest teams get most services free of charge. 



Reliance on regional or national projects brings up the difficult question of 

 "who should do what at the energ>- frontier", with all the awkward problems of 

 world planning, of competition, duplication, location, distribution, and desire to 

 be at the frontline. We are now iu the midst of these problems. There are a few 

 fundamental principles involved here. 



Obviously, competition and desire to be at the frontline are good things. They 

 are an essential part of the driving force of science. Pure love of knowledge, inde- 

 pendent of who found it, is not the only driving force. But, if High Energy Physics 

 as a supernational human endeavour is to survive, those drives must be channeled 

 and not be allowed to obstruct the developments in other regions. A serious decline 

 of High Energj' activities in one region affects all other regions in due course. 



