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Hon. Mr, Fuqua July 18, 1985 



CST Page four 



only the first item was discussed. International exploitation 

 is going on all the time and will be also going on when new 

 facilities are available. We will come back to this in 

 question 4. 



4. What is the trend of international collaboration in high 

 energy physics? Is it increasing, decreasing or remaining 

 relatively constant? 



The answer is quite clear: It is increasing. There are 

 more foreign teams working at United States facilities, and more 

 United States teams working at CERN and other European labo- 

 ratories. The reason is clear: Since different regions now 

 have different facilities, there are always groups that want 

 to make use of facilities not available at home. This is a 

 most desirable development. It would be a waste if all kinds 

 of facilities had to be duplicated in each region. 



Most of these foreign teams construct their instrumentation 

 largely at home and install them in the respective laboratories. 

 As an example, a large team of mostly (but not exclusively) 

 United States scientists are preparing an experiment at LEP , 

 costing more than 20 Million Dollars. 



At present these arrangements are such that the foreign 

 team does not pay any "rent" or beam time. The local services 

 are essentially free. Of course, it pays for its own instruments. 

 Many of these guest teams are collaborations of groups from 

 different nations who all contribute to the cost and fabrication 

 of the instrumentation. The aforementioned team at LEP is 

 a collaboration, not only with some European nations, but also 

 with Soviet and Chinese groups. The free use of the beam 

 and the local services reduces the bureaucratic work. In the 

 long run the costs are equalized by the reciorocal uses of 

 facilities. 



There may be problems in the future, when a particularly 

 expensive facility will be exploited, such as the SSC. It 

 may be necessary then to contemplate the possibility of 

 sharing operational expenses with the visitors, in some 

 form of international administration of the facility. 



So far the increasing use of foreign teams has not brought 

 about serious difficulties. On the contrary, the international 

 spirit of the field was emphasized; guests and hosts are 

 profiting from the exchanges of experience, ideas and 

 inventions. 



5. What attributes of high energy physics make international 



cooperation easy to achieve? 



Does the field have attributes that make international cooperation 



difficult? 



