which is now under construction and will be finished maybe at the 

 end of the eighties. 



Now, I should say that this is not all of the high energy physics 

 in Europe. Most of the European countries, the Western countries, 

 have concentrated their activities in CERN, but Germany, West 

 Germany, has its own high energy establishment which is called 

 DESY, which has a budget which is about a fifth of the CERN 

 budget, and is now about to construct a very high-energy-proton- 

 electron machine for about $400 million. So you see that Europe is 

 in full swing. 



Now, let me say a few words about why there is this enthusiasm 

 for that kind of physics, not only in Europe but also in this coun- 

 try, and then I would like to speak about the plans in the country 

 and the possible international collaboration. 



The field is at present in a development which is quite unique. I 

 would compare it with the 1930's. Before 1932, nobody knew what 

 the nucleus, the atomic nucleus, was made of. In 1932, the neutron 

 was discovered, and within 8 years nuclear structure developed to 

 what it is now, and with all the physics and also the practical ap- 

 plications — nuclear power, nuclear explosives — all this within 8 

 years. 



I would like to compare the present situation in high energy 

 physics with this situation because in the last decade a number of 

 new discoveries were made of the particles that make up the 

 proton and the neutron and their properties, the so-called quarks— 

 I don't like the name, but that is the way they were called— and 

 here, also, a completely new physics was discovered, and we find 

 ourselves in the same state of tremendous development as we 

 found ourselves in the thirties with respect to nuclear science. 



At that time, in the thirties, of course, America was the leading 

 country, and the great development was due to E.G. Lawrence, the 

 cyclotron development, which all was based in this country; not all, 

 but most of it. 



Now let me say a few words about international collaboration in 

 the future. As you know, there is in this country a project which is 

 the SSC, the Superconducting Super Collider, which is planned. It is 

 the most expensive; it is several billions. That means it is about ten 

 times more expensive than the previous machines. It is supposed to 

 add and do what is necessary in order to go further in the develop- 

 ment of this physics. 



And now the question comes, of course, how can we get interna- 

 tional support and not have duplication of efforts by other coun- 

 tries, but have collaboration of efforts? 



Now, let me say the following words about international collabo- 

 ration. I see five steps: First, international conferences; second, for- 

 eign people and foreign groups joining in experiments at the host 

 laboratory and using the instrumentation of the host laboratories; 

 for example, Americans coming to CERN or Europeans coming to 

 Fermilab. 



The third step is foreign groups not only coming and joining but 

 bringing their major instrumentation along. I would like to call 

 this international exploitation of the machine, and it happens quite 

 often. 



