90 



ber, at various aerospace exhibits back in the 1970's, being amazed 

 that Grumman was up front on this. 



Hughes Aircraft did the same thing in Comsat technology. NASA 

 engaged in joint ventures with a couple of firms, but Hughes went 

 ahead on its own in developing a geosynchronous satellite technolo- 

 gy and made a tremendous contribution. 



I would hope there would be some mechanism for the Govern- 

 ment to encourage such initiative in private institutions, even as it 

 engaged in public spending to stimulate new fields. 



Mr. FuQUA. Mr. Reid. 



Mr. Reid. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 



I would like to compliment you and thank you for having Dr. 

 McDougall. You know, this is the second time that I have had the 

 opportunity to listen where you have brought in a historian to 

 review a particular area of science. You will recall we had the pro- 

 fessor from Duke who had a Ph.D. in military history, and it was 

 interesting. 



I think that we do not often enough look at what we are doing 

 here from a historical perspective, and I have certainly appreciated 

 your testimony here today. I think it has been excellent. 



As I hear a condensation of your testimony, it is to the effect 

 that we need a mix between the private and public sector to devel- 

 op scientific research. Isn't that right? 



Dr. McDougall. Yes, sir. 



Mr. Reid. And one passing comment — because my beeper went 

 off — I see that for a young man you have written a spate of materi- 

 al, and some of the subjects are extremely interesting to me. 



I wonder if you have come across anyone that has written any- 

 thing looking at the progress of science as developed in the mili- 

 tary and science as developed in the private sector, and where the 

 contributions have been made. Has anyone done that? 



Dr. McDougall. Not to my knowledge, although I expect there is 

 probably some report sitting in some DOD file somewhere that was 

 funded on the inside, where that may have been done. But I am 

 afraid, off the top of my head, I have to say the answer is "No." 

 And I will tell you that in preparing these remarks, I, myself, went 

 back to the library and tried to find something of that sort and 

 came up empty. Now, that is not to say that there isn't anything. 



Mr. Reid. Mr. Chairman, I think that would be an interesting 

 thing for us to look into, because I, during the past few years, have 

 developed a real curiosity as to what the contributions on the long 

 term from a scientific standpoint really are, not only in the United 

 States but worldwide. As you know, in the Soviet Union, the best 

 and the brightest and the most money goes into the military, but I 

 wonder what really long-term contributions are made in that socie- 

 ty, and in ours, with the military scientific advancements. 



Dr. McDougall. Well, sir, I can say a few words about that 

 which I hope are pertinent. 



There was tremendous debate in this country — I am poaching 

 here a bit on Dr. Roland's turf — but there was tremendous debate 

 in this country just after World War II about what to do with sci- 

 ence. The military effort had been so successful during the war 

 that there was a consensus that the Government continue support 

 for basic research. The question was how to do it. 



