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well agreed upon internationally that duplication 

 is not an issue. Cost sharing for the total 

 progress of astronomy is essentially achieved by 

 the sum of individual national investments in each 

 country's telescopes. 



Very Long Baseline radio astronomy is a special 

 case of similar major facilities in different 

 countries which can be operated individually or in 

 combination. The newly initiated VLBA in the D. 

 S. will have counterparts across Canada and across 

 Europe. Each array is self sufficient for the 

 performance of major research but each array is 

 designed to permit joint operation with its 

 counterparts . 

 Space Based Astronomy 



Cooperation has been very effective in many past 

 missions, but the foreign share of cost has been 

 relatively small compared to the D. S. investment. 

 European and Japanese capabilities and budgets 

 have reached a level more commensurate with the 

 D. S. input and future joint missions should 

 reflect more equal partnerships. Many high 

 priority future missions will be "World Class" 

 facilities and so expensive that cooperative 

 approaches will be essential. 



