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level of support. We should beware of supporting cooperative 

 science primarily for the sake of cooperation. If the area of 

 cooperation covers second class science, we should not associate 

 with it. 



- Since applied science and technological developments 

 follow from research, being the leader in research is essential 

 to guarantee leadership in technological developments. 



- From the standpoint of national pride and prestige, 

 leadership in research as measured by Nobel Prizes, for example, 

 is a statement of the success of American democracy and personal 

 freedom of choice that all the world must admire and envy. 

 Given the increasing costs of major facilities, it becomes less 

 and less possible to support leading scientific thrusts in all 

 disciplines on a national basis. Where a major international 

 facility has the world leadership role, it is important for 

 American scientists to be part of that team and to achieve 

 leadership roles within the team. 



7. Are the experiences of international cooperation in either 

 astronomy or geophysics directly applicable to other fields of 

 science? What lessons may be learned? 



- The experiences of international cooperation in astronomy 

 and geophysics are not intrinsically different for other 

 sciences. However, as the answers given above make clear, the 

 formats for cooperation in astronomy and geophysics are 



