194 



generation Tokamak devices leading to a demonstration reactor, casting 

 aside for now the question as to whether the results would be applicable to 

 an operating reactor. In the U.S., with no present plans for an Integrated 

 "proto reactor", the modest development program Is aimed at reactor rele- 

 vant issues. 



3. Should federal science funding Include the aim of keeping the U.S. first In 

 every field of science, and If so, will International cooperation be either 

 beneficial or detrimental to achieving this aim? 



Federal science funding cannot aspire to keep the United States first In 

 every field of science. The U.S. Is not currently the leader in every 

 field and It would be impractical to target more than a reasonable number 

 of scientific fields for U.S. leadership. I believe that it Is important 

 that certain fields be targeted and that these fields be pursued consist- 

 ently and vigorously. 



Whether international cooperation Is beneficial or detrimental in the case 

 of those fields of science targeted for leadership depends on a number of 

 factors. These range from national aspirations to cultural perceptions. 

 In this connection It appears quite clear that a leader In a particular 

 field of science can attract international cooperation. A follower may 

 have to pay some form of entry fee in order to gain access. In summary, I 

 believe It is Important to focus our attention on those fields that we have 

 the motivation to pursue consistently and vigorously; spending our resourc- 

 es across every field can only work against aspirations for leadership. 



4. What Is the trend of International collaboration In magnetic fusion energy? 

 Is It Increasing, decreasing or remaining relatively constant? 



Indications are that the trend of International collaboration In magnetic 

 fusion energy is increasing in value received but not necessarily in the 

 overall dollar expenditure. Efforts are being made to Increase hardware 

 participation in exchange for scientific and technical data. 



5. What attributes of magnetic fusion energy make International cooperation 

 easy to achieve? 



Does the field have attributes that make International cooperation diffi- 

 cult? 



Easy to Achieve 



1. Attractiveness of goal 



2. Fundamental physics Involved 



3. Commercial I z at I on many decades off 



4. Everyone wants high technology know-how 



5. Mostly positive past experiences with International cooperation 



