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known in the Department of State as the Oceans, Environment and 

 Science Action Plan. This is essentially a plan to do two things: To 

 gain greater visibility and recognition for science and technology 

 and foreign policy generally, and to update the capabilities of our 

 Foreign Service in this area, so that there is just a closer connec- 

 tion among these various areas. 



I just might also mention that the educational training arm of 

 the Department of State continues to add new programs and 

 courses of study for people in the Foreign Service and other senior 

 managers at the State Department. 



Mr. FuQUA. At how many foreign outposts do you have people 

 that you would classify as science-oriented or science-trained in the 

 Embassies? 



Mr. Horner. We have specifically designated science counsellors 

 and/or attaches, I think, in about two-dozen missions. In the other 

 missions, there are officers who devote a fraction of their time to 

 scientific affairs, and that varies by the country, obviously, depend- 

 ing on the state of its own interest and its development. 



Mr. FuQUA. You stated in your testimony that science policy and 

 foreign policy kind of reinforce each other; I think those are the 

 words you used. Do you find that science is the most paramount 

 objective, or are we doing it just to say we are cooperating? 



Mr. Horner. Well, I think it is one of the features of our system 

 which sometimes our foreign friends find exasperating, but which 

 is an important source of its strength we think; that is that any- 

 thing that is to be done internationally must meet a fairly strict 

 test within each of the so-called mission agencies. 



And so it is hard to imagine a science program conducted inter- 

 nationally which would not meet a very rigorous test in the mis- 

 sion agency itself as to its merit, as to what it contributes to that 

 agency's mission and the scientific benefit to be gained from it. 



The notion of doing these things for their own sake may have 

 had some appeal, but, in fact, I think it is a very unusual occur- 

 rence for that to happen. The competition for these funds and for 

 these resources is just too intense for that to happen. 



Mr. FuQUA. Do you feel there is adequate coordination between 

 your role as the State Department and the various mission agen- 

 cies and also OSTP in coordinating these cooperative efforts? 



Mr. Horner. I think, certainly on the major projects and those of 

 greater significance, there has been very close cooperation and co- 

 ordination and trading of views and information back and forth 

 among all of the parties of the Government that are interested. 



Now, we have to recognize, of course, there is an enormous range 

 of Federal science activity which is conducted overseas. All of our 

 departments and agencies are involved in it. We carry out activi- 

 ties in dozens of countries. Some of these are well established and 

 routine activities by now, and others are not. But I think that we 

 have the coordination and the implementation that we need when 

 we do need it. 



Mr. FuQUA. Mr. Packard. 



Mr. Packard. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 



I believe, if I am not mistaken, our total foreign aid budget is 

 somewhere around $16 billion. Is that about correct? 



Mr. Horner. I think it depends how you calculate it. 



