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4. What are the administrative obstacles, such as tariffs, visas, export 

 controls, national security considerations, and proprietary rights to 

 International cooperation? How might these best be mitigated? 



To protect U.S. Interests In International scientific programs, most bilat- 

 eral SiT agreements signed today Include Intellectual property copyrights 

 and patent protection provisions. Agreements without such provisions are 

 being revised to Include them. Thus, at every level of bilateral S&T coop- 

 eration, from the negotiation of a new agreement, through its signing and 

 Implementation the Department is constantly Involved in assuring that U.S. 

 Interests are protected. This Includes promoting the smooth progress of 

 projects despite the necessary controls on exports, visas and tariffs. When 

 appropriate, controls which may seem to be obstacles to cooperation (but 

 are designed to protect U.S. Interests) are reviewed to determine If they 

 can be altered to eliminate the problem area. 



