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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR THE RECORD 

 Dr. Eugene B. Skolnlkoff 



1. What roles do nongovernmental organizations, such as professional societies, 

 private foundations, or various National Academies play In ftie development. 

 Implementation, and funding of International science programs? Should fhey 

 or can they do more? 



Nongovernmental organizations obviously play an Important role In the 

 development and Implementation of large scale progratrs of International co- 

 operation. The IGY and Its successors wou I d not have happened w I thout ICSU 

 and Its sister organizations. 



M/ view Is that fhe roles of nongovernmental organizations could be 

 more substantial in stimulating international cooperation because of the 

 kinds of limitations of government action and funding fhat I alluded to in 

 my testimony. The nongovernmental organizations cannot replace government 

 funding, clearly, but perhaps fhey could more self-consciously attempt to 

 provide fhe initial discussions and planning that are so very difficult to 

 carry out in a governmental framework. It Is not possible to specify off- 

 hand hew such activities could be organized, but It might be worth some ad- 

 ditional fhought by the organizations concerned. 



2. What role. If any, does Industry have In International cooperative science 

 activities? 



Industry obviously has a very substantial role in international coop- 

 eration in technology, but much less in scientific cooperation. I fhink 

 there may be cases where industry would be Involved directly and with its 

 a*n funds in International cooperation in science, but offhand I do not see 

 this to be a major Issue or opportunity. Obviously, Industry will be in- 

 volved as a contractor In various cooperative projects. 



3. What sort of multilateral entitles might be established to deal wltti the 

 contemporary and future requirements of International science cooperation? 

 Are new mechanisms needed? 



It appears to me clear fhat fhe universe of multilateral Institutions 

 for International scientific cooperation are now particularly inadequate 

 given the serious and perhaps fatal problems with UNESCO. For all of 

 UNESCO's shortcomings, it was in many ways an important organization in 

 stimulating and •coordinating international activities in science. Some 

 replacement or alternative is likely to have to be found to fill the multi- 

 ple roles fhat UNESCO played. The situation is not yet shaken down, so It 

 Is not clear what is needed. But one can expect that in a very short period 

 of time there will be important demands placed on governments, and particu- 

 larly fhis government, to consider how to carry out fhe International plan- 

 ning and coordination role among governments fhat UNESCO filled In several 

 substantive areas. 



