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structure, including scientific information, equipment, training, 

 retraining, and outlets for research results (publications, 

 associations, and conferences). 



5. Strengthening the indigenous production of new S&T personnel in 

 African universities and institutes. 



6. Enlarging the linkages and exchanges between African S&T institu- 

 tions and individuals with those of the USA in order to increase the 

 flow to Africa of voluntary contributions from the US S&T private 

 sector and to ensure the incorporation of African research into 

 science in the wider world. 



Psurticular Opportunities in the iBid-1960a - A fund for science and 

 development can make a large impact in Africa at this time because of a 

 series of new conditions there, including: 



- the enlarged commitment in African governments and universities to 

 S&T research and application. 



- the readiness of university scholars and administrators to reorient 

 their faculty, departments, and university away from the liberal 

 arts fixation on the humane letters, as was common in the paradigm 

 universities in Europe, and toward greater emphasis on S&T applied 

 research and extension for development. 



- the increased density of PhD-trained indigenous scholars instead 

 of expatriates in African institutes and university departments, 

 which provides the potential for longer-term contributions to the 

 institutional development of S&T in the African institutions than is 

 possible with the temporary foreign researcher. 



