412 



11 



The current lack of investment in tropical disease research 

 (estimated in the 1970s as under one percent of the total world 

 medical research funding) suggests the urgency of cooperative efforts 

 from the USA to increase African productivity. The biological attacks 

 on disease in Africa have great potential for scientific breakthroughs 

 and reduction of the costs of control and treatment precisely 

 because African disease has had so little attention. These break- 

 throughs will not only improve human welfare in and of themselves but 

 also indirectly may increase productivity. 



3. Social Sciencea - Research and applications in the behavioral and 

 social sciences are needed to integrate innovation and agricultural 

 change into African social structure (farming systems research) and to 

 identify ways to increase social adaptation to changes in methods of 

 production. Applied social science is especially needed in social and 

 ecological impact assessment, evaluation research, project design and 

 analysis, project administration, and in social policy development for 

 social and psychological welfare. Many African social and behavioral 

 scientists, however, have not been introduced to these applied fields 

 and need opportunity for retraining. The more applied orientation of 

 these disciplines of anthropology, sociology, political science 

 (public administration), geography (spatial aspects of development and 

 remote sensing subfields), psychology and social psychology, criminal 

 justice, and social welfare in the USA in the last decade suggests 

 their growing utility for African development problems. 

 4. Other Professional Fielda - A number of professional fields in 

 the USA which combine scientific methods of research with attention to 

 development problems also should be candidates for grants from the 



