415 



14 

 C. Specific Targets for Funding S&T for Development 



Because grants made will be small, targets will be chosen which are 

 a) of high priority in the development needs of the region and the 

 particular nations and b) of high potential to increase the S&T research 

 capacity of the institutions. Some of the particular targets in this 

 category are: 



1. Re-orientation Grants - Grants would be made which reorient an 

 institution from more abstract or "pure" research toward research 

 applied to development issuec. These awards could be given either to 

 individuals seeking retraining or refurbishment of their knowledge of 

 theory, methods, and techniques or to institutions which require 

 assistance in reorienting, upgrading, or re invigorating their applied 

 S&T research. 



a. For Individual Scientists - Most scientists and scholars in 

 Africa have been trained in the classrooms and laboratories and at the 

 feet of mentors in Western universities. Usually, their educations 

 have been of excellent basic scientific quality; however, the topics 

 and foci of the research areas have been embedded in the priorities of 

 advanced industrial nations. As a result, frequently African scholars 

 continue the same research focus which is relevant to advanced Western 

 science but much less relevant to the needs of the less developed 

 country. Often their universities cannot afford the expensive equip- 

 ment and documentation to enable the scientist to keep abreast of 

 Western laboratories and literatures. Funds would assist the indi- 

 vidual scholar to attend special institutes and seminars to reorient 

 research to the more development-relevant aspects of the scientific 

 field in which he or she was trained, usually in a Western university 



