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 which exhibited the following characteristics: a) Applied research 

 with a high priority of making an immediate and direct contribution to 

 the welfare of African societies, particularly their basic human needs 

 for food, health, wealth, shelter, and social and personal happiness. 

 b) Projects which contribute to the reorientation of individuals and 

 institutions to more applied S&T fields of inquiry, c) Projects which 

 link scientists and scholars in diverse institutions within a nation 

 and from diverse universities and institutes from different nations, 

 d) Projects which are highly valued by a combination of the 

 ministries, field development stations and agents, local populations, 

 and scientists, e) Projects which have wide applicability in different 

 regions, nations, ecological zones, and local populations. For 

 instance, a project which promised a direct breakthrough on malaria, 

 onchocerciasis or a unique amelioration of marasmus would have wide 

 application across Africa and would be highly evaluated, f) Projects 

 which are not eligible for other sources of funding from national, 

 international, or local donors, g) Projects which have sought funding 

 elsewhere and been ranked highly but not received funding, h) Projects 

 which provide individual scientists, scholars, and their students with 

 new training, experience, and institutional capacity which are impor- 

 tant for long-term growth of applied S&T research. 

 3, S&T Infrastructure Grants - These awards could be made for 

 increasing the capacity of particular laboratories, libraries, 

 departments, institutes, and associations for support of S&T for 

 development research, application, and extension. Criteria for 

 awarding these funds would be similar to that for research grants 

 in 2. above. Awards could be made to individuals and institutions in 



