419 



18 



the USA or in Africa. Some of the targets for such awards would be 

 the following: a) Purchases of equipment and documentation for 

 advanced training programs of universities and institutes in 

 particularly crucial development fields, b) Funds for collection, 

 packaging, and transportation of S&T equipment, journals, and print 

 and non-print publications from US scholars and scientists to their 

 African colleagues. Some scientific equipment in the USA, such as used 

 microscopes, slightly out-of-date calculators and word processors, and 

 medical/dental diagnostics, are of value to African institutions. Care 

 must be taken not to send equipment which is so old or expensive to 

 repair that it actually impedes research. Due to the acute shortages 

 of foreign exchange, a number of signal libraries in Africa have 

 ceased subscribing to foreign development-relevant journals and 

 research reports. This interdiction of information results in the 

 duplication of research and the inability to build on the advances of 

 scholars and scientists in surrounding nations who are working on 

 similar problems. A surprisingly large amount of documentation of 

 great value is available in the USA from retiring scholars, scientists 

 changing fields, libraries with duplicate copies, and even bookstores 

 remaindering texts or replacing them with new editions, c) Travel 

 funds to permit African scholars to attend crucial conferences, 

 seminars, and disciplinary associations in order to create the needed 

 reference groups and networks of scientists working on development 

 problems, d) In rare instances, funds to supplement needed alterations 

 of or additions to laboratories; however, these grants will be small 

 and highly specific, e) Grants are needed by S&T associations in 

 Africa in order to plan the activities of the associations, hold 



