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19 

 meetings in this period of costly airfares^ publish the proceedings of 

 the meetings, and pay some small costs of a minimal secretariat with a 

 small clerical staff and office equipment. These associations are of 

 great importance in providing a point of collaboration between African 

 scholars and of meeting with US S&T scholars. At this time, several 

 of these are foundering, and many disciplines have not yet formed 

 associations because of cost constraints in the foreign currency 

 budgets, f) Finally, funding is needed for S&T journals, newsletters, 

 occasional papers, monographs, and various non-print publications. At 

 this time, much scientific research in Africa is retarded by the lack 

 of outlets for publishing the results. There are few S&T journals in 

 Africa because of the earlier fixation on the arts and letters. Even 

 more importantly, journals as an outlet for S&T for development have 

 either failed to develop or have withered after initial publication 

 because of the lack of foreign currency for the needed paper, printing 

 machines, and composers. Africa does not need a plethora of such 

 publications, but it does need a critical minimum of internationally 

 distributed outlets for applied and basic research for development. 

 Linking associations and universities in Africa with US counterparts 

 may provide cooperation to publish materials jointly. 

 4, S&T Linkage and Exchsmge Grants - These special grants will 

 facilitate the linkage of African scholars for S&T with their 

 colleagues in the USA. These linkages and exchanges will accelerate 

 research, ensure that the latest methods and theories of science are 

 available for African efforts, and create a repository of good will 

 toward the USA and its institutions and scholars that will outlast 

 political change and upheaval. 



