545 



68 



D. International Cooperation 



All of the research lines discussed here have been characterized by 

 extensive interaction between scientists from different countries over a 

 period of years. As a result, each National Program has been planned 

 with the benefit of extensive information concerning the views and plans 

 of other Summit Nations, and also, to a considerable extent, the Soviet 

 Union. 



Within the European Community, the national programs of the partner 

 countries are already fully incorporated in the European Fusion 

 Program. In the wider context of other Summit Nations, two highly 

 successful vehicles for interaction have been personnel exchanges, in 

 which scientists work for a period of time in foreign laboratories, and 

 international workshops. In some cases, these exchanges and workshops 

 have arisen on an informal basis in response to the needs of the 

 scientific community. In other instances, they have been facilitated by 

 formal agreements between governments, as in the case of the U.S. -Japan 

 Bilateral Agreement on magnetic fusion research. 



Recent workshops are listed in Table III and Personnel Exchanges in 

 Table IV. A third method has been the use of foreign experts to advise 

 National Programs for specific purposes such as the review of proposed 

 new facilities. 



The extent and nature of international participation in research on 

 different concepts has varied in different countries depending on their 

 own involvement. Two cases can be distinguished: 



(1) Countries actively involved who share results, coordinate plans and 

 divide up tasks where appropriate and practical; 



(2) Countries not actively involved who stay abreast of results and 

 trends through workshops and sometimes through limited 

 participation. 



In reassessing their interests, from time to time countries have changed 

 the nature of their international involvement accordingly, as when Japan 

 increased its mirror research in the late 1970's and the U.S. its 

 stellarator research in recent years. 



Response to the Charge 



The Subpanel met during the London IAEA fusion conference 12-19 September 

 1984 to consider the charge. 



