facilities. Ccxsrdination also exists between the U.S. and Japanese 

 compact-toroid and bumpy-torus communities and between the U.S., EC, 

 and Japanese revecsed-field pinch experiments at Los Alamos, Padua, 

 Culham, and various locations in Japan. 



In technology there is growing coordination between the United 

 States and Japan, particularly in material sciences; and cooperation 

 is under discussion in a number of other areas. Most recently, in 

 1982, initial discussions, which have continued, have been held 

 between workers in the United States and those in the growing EC 

 technology program. 



Naturally, the cooperatively operated facilities involve 

 considerable joint planning. In addition, normal scientific 

 interactions involve discussions that tend to coordinate technical 

 programs either to avoid duplication or to verify important 

 experimental or theoretical results. 



Joint Programs on National Facilities 



There are currently a number of national facilities with joint 

 programs in the fusion program. 



TEXTOR is a medium-sized, state-of-the-art tokamak in Julich, 

 Federal Republic of Germany. Because of its excellent vacuum and 

 plasma conditions and precisely defined and controlled plasma 

 boundary, an international program in plasma edge science and plasma 

 surface interactions has developed. The program is sponsored by the 

 lEA; and involves experimental teams from the United States, Japan, 

 and the EC. The facility is operated by the Germans, and the other 

 teams generally build and bring their own experimental hardware. All 

 results are shared so that each partner is spared the need of carrying 

 on an equivalent effort alone. 



The Rotating Target Neutron Source II (RTNS-II) is a high intensity 

 dual (4 x 10l3 neutrons/second) 14-million electronvolt neutron 

 source at LLNL in the United States. The facility was built for DOE 

 and is operated by LLNL. Because IX)E was never financially able to 

 operate both neutron sources, an agreement was reached with Monbusho 

 to fund operation of the second source. Both partners share in the 

 neutrons produced and the overall experimental program is jointly 

 planned. All results are shared. 



The Oak Ridge research reactors are funded jointly by the United 

 States and Japan with a jointly planned radiation damage program 

 similar in operation to the one at RTNS-II. Both are part of the 

 U.S. -Japan bilateral agreement. 



Finally, the Large Coil Task is an effort, organized under lEA, to 

 operate, in a U.S. -funded central facility at ORNL, six large 

 prototypical tokamak 8-tesla coils built by the partners. Three of 

 the coils were built by U.S. firms and one each by the EC, 

 Switzerland, and Japan. All design information ana results are being 

 shared. 



