664 



79 



At the most modest level of cooperation, the free and informal 

 exchange of basic scientific and technological information that now 

 exists is valuable to the U.S. program and should continue to be 

 encouraged. The only government action required is merely to insure 

 that no impediments to free information exchange are created. 



Organized cooperative efforts, in which each side pays its own way, 

 should be further encouraged in order to make the most efficient use 

 of available resources worldwide. This category includes the 

 following activities: 



o Joint planning of national research programs in specific areas 

 for complementarity — for example, the ^oint planning of 

 materials research under the International Energy Agency 

 (lEA) — and a sharing of results. 



o Joint studies, such as the International Tokamak Reactor 



(INTOR) under the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) , 

 that focus effort on critical technical issues and identify 

 research and development needs. 



At the next level, participation of one or mote nations in a 

 technology test facility, a component development and test facility, 

 or a plasma physics experiment of another country could reduce the 

 number of such facilities needed worldwide. Examples of each type of 

 facility are, respectively, the Fusion Materials Irradiation Test 

 (FMIT) facility, the Large Coil Test Facility (LCTF) , and the TEXTOR 

 tokamak. It would be easier to establish an equitable cost for 

 participation on a case-by-case basis, rather than attempting to 

 establish a comprehensive agreement encompassing many cases. However, 

 an umbrella agreement that provided for the possibility of several 

 individual cases would be appropriate. 



The highest level of cooperation, in terms of both degree of 

 international collaboration and complexity of organization, consists 

 of an international project — such as Joint European Torus (JET) . 

 Truly international projects are appropriate only for major 

 facilities, such as the suggested Tokamak Fusion Core Experiment 

 (TFCX) or Engineering Test Reactor (ETR) , because of the great amount 

 of negotiation that will be required for their establishment. 



Examples of International Fusion Cooperation 



An open and informal exchange of scientific information through 

 publication, meetings, and visits has existed among the major fusion 

 nations since 1958, when the subject was declassified. The U.S. 

 exchange with Western Europe has been the most extensive. 



There is a formal agreement for exchange of personnel for short 

 periods of time with the USSR. 



Formal cooperative agreements with Japan exist in several areas: 

 personnel exchange, joint research and development planning in seven 



