665 



areas, joint institutes for fusion theory, Japanese utilization of the 

 Doublet III tokamak experiment for about $10 million per year from 

 Japan, and Japanese utilization of Rotating Target Neutron Source II 

 (RTNS-II) for about $1.8 million per year from Japan. 



There is formal cooperation through the lEA under an umbrella 

 agreement in three areas: 



o Japan and the EC use the LCTF to test their magnets 



(Haubenreich, 1983) . 

 o The United States and other countries perform plasma 



experiments in the TEXTOR tokamak of the Federal Republic of 



Germany, 

 o There is coordination of planning for materials research and 



for research on large tokamaks. 



There is formal cooperation with the EC, Japan, and the USSR to 

 focus effort on critical technical issues for next-generation tokamaks 

 and their supporting research and development in the INTOR Workshop. 



Policy Considerations 



The official goals of the U.S. magnetic fusion program, as embodied in 

 the Comprehensive Program Management Plan (CPMP) (U.S. Department of 

 Energy, 1983), were discussed and were thought to be ambiguous in some 

 respects and to fail to convey a firm commitment to the development of 

 fusion power. There are significant implications of this policy for 

 increased international cooperation: 



o The pointed implication of the CPMP objective "to maintain a 

 leadership role" is that the United States has not adopted a 

 national policy to be the leader. Other nations will be much 

 more anxious to cooperate with the leading progreun than with 

 one that is even with or behind their own. 



o The CPMP also states an intention "to maintain this position 



lof leadership] in the two major confinement concepts. . .through 

 a carefully formulated and managed policy of close 

 international cooperation to share specific tasks." The 

 implications of this statement are that all essential elements 

 of the mainline effort will be retained within the U.S. 

 program, that the United States will cooperate with other 

 countries only in areas in which they are in a leading 

 position, and that hard bargaining on the part of the United 

 States over equity in technical and financial contributions 

 will be a feature of all negotiations. This is not a posture 

 that is likely to foster a spirit of cooperation. 



o The goal of the U.S. program, as stated in the CPMP, "...is to 

 develop scientific and technological information required to 

 design and construct magnetic fusion power systems." This goal 



