magnet on schedule and thoroughly tested, thereby demonstrating its 

 ability to meet specifications. As of the time of the trip, the 

 German and Swiss coils were just being delivered almost a year late; 

 and the three U.S. -manufactured coils have been a "disaster." The 

 General Electric Company delivered its coil as its "best effort" and 

 then recommended that it be scrapped. The Westinghouse and General 

 Dynamics coils are delayed and are having manufacturing difficulties. 

 With this kind of track record, one wonders that the Japanese would 

 consider cooperating with the United States. Clearly U.S. industry 

 has done an outstanding job on building equipment for the space 

 program — one wonders why it cannot do equally well in the nuclear 

 fusion program. 



PROBABLE CONDITIONS ON COLLABORATION 



There are several desirable principles for international collaboration: 



o No erosion of the strong national programs. 



o Mutual benefit. 



o Participating on an equal footing. 



o Assurance of continuity in the collaboration. 



o Acceleration of the national programs of the partners. 



o Overlap of program interest. 



o Achievement together of what is not achievable separately. 



o Full participation in planning right from the beginning; 



unilateral planning is not acceptable. 



o Full access to the technology that is developed. 



Cost sharing alone is not a sufficient reason to collaborate. It 

 is not clear what level of cost for a large machine would trigger 

 collaboration, but $1 billion was mentioned. 



Japan must acquire fusion technology for its own use. The Japanese 

 investment in collaboration must come back for the benefit of Japanese 

 industry. Patents and know-how must be protected. 



JOINT PLANNING 



There seemed to be a dilemma in the Japanese position in that one 

 could not discuss near-term candidates for cooperation or 

 collaboration because that planning was already fixed. On the other 

 hand, one could not discuss future candidates because that planning 

 had not yet been done. The attitude was that no joint planning had 

 really been done to date, but that there existed a possibility in the 

 1985-1988 time period for useful joint planning. 



No existing organization, such as the International Energy Agency 

 and the International Atomic Energy Agency, is really suitable to 

 manage international collaboration. A, new mechanism is needed, which 

 may come out of the Versailles Summit process. 



