700 



115 



o There is no long-run conunitment to the integration of the EC 

 and U.S. economies, so that the economic cooperation that 

 impels cooperation in fusion within EC is absent between EC and 

 the United States and in its stead is the ultimate prospect of 

 economic competition. 



o The separate stakes in fusion held by the EC, Japan, and the 



United States may not easily be subordinated to a common effort 

 seeking merely reduced research costs and earlier results. 



o Nevertheless, there is a pressure for cooperation from the 

 Versailles Economic Summit and there is receptivity to it at 

 the EC level. 



o The preservation of the identity of the EC program will be a 

 likely constraint on wider international cooperation. 



o There is technical need and opportunity for cooperation in 

 dovetailing and phasing large, world-class machines; but the 

 desirability of technical diversity and the primacy of 

 indigenous interests may preclude the early consolidation of 

 planned EC, U.S., and Japanese machines into one common effort. 



o There is technical need and opportunity for cooperation on 

 alternative concepts and generic technology, but such 

 cooperation will probably be paced more by problems of 

 implementation than by technical urgency. 



o The goals of the EC and the U.S. programs have not been 



articulated explicitly enough to formulate a specific plan for 

 cooperation. 



o The United States must deal through EC rather than airectly 

 with any Member State. 



o The desirability of the United States as a partner is low 

 because of perceived past unreliability in honoring 

 commitments, ungenerous insistence on quid pro quo, efforts to 

 attract financial support from EC, and tendencies to put 

 forward its low priority projects as candidates for cooperation. 



o Nevertheless, joint planning for the period from 1988 onward is 

 both possible and welcome. 



o Promising institutional forms for large cooperative projects go 

 more toward the Joint European Torus model than toward the 

 International Energy Agency model. 



With regard to the fuller discussion that follows, recall that the 

 European program is administered at the level of the Commission of the 

 European Communities. Nevertheless, input to the Commission comes 

 from the various Member States. Views at both levels need to be 

 explored to provide a comprehensive picture. Thus there are often 

 differences of viewpoint at the country level before reconciliation 

 into a single Commission viewpoint. 



