708 



123 



the EC. Such matters are not simple even with such an umbrella, as 

 the breeder program demonstrates. Finally the issue of siting a large 

 world-wide, or even a bilateral, endeavor will be an enormous problem. 



The Joint European Torus as a Model of Project Management 



The governance of JET (Commission of the European Communities, 

 undated) seems to be a successful model, well worth study and 

 imitation for implementation of other large international fusion 

 projects. The undertaking enjoys great stability because of 

 high-level commitments sought and obtained early in the program 

 planning and budgeting process. The Director of the Project has broad 

 authority and responsibility. He reports to and is subject to annual 

 budget and program review by the JET Council. The Executive 

 Subcommittee of the JET Council also approves procurement contract 

 selection over 200,000 European Units of Account (ECU). The 

 Scientific Subcommittee reviews in detail, and approves, the "project 

 development plan." The JET management system has been intact and has 

 worked effectively since project initiation in 1978. 



JET does not supersede various national activities, because they 

 are still needed to round out the program. By the time NET is 

 undertaken these programs are expected to have run their courses, and 

 more national activities may not be needed. A U.K. official suggested 

 that NET may require new political agreements and organization beyond 

 JET. 



Participation in JET by an additional country, say the United. 

 States, would be possible upon approval by the Director of the 

 Project, the JET Council, and the Council of the European Communities. 



Joint Planning for Increased Cooperation 



The United States might well consider fusion in a larger context of 

 cooperation in science and technology, so as to match the EC science 

 structure better. For example, fusion might be considered along with 

 breeder reactors, space technology, computers, or biotechnology. 



It was clearly stated, from JET experience, that joint multilateral 

 effort involves interdependence, requires vigorous debate to produce 

 an agreed program, and should result in a program of considerable 

 stability. 



Since the preponderant view is that international cooperation will 

 be necessary but that it will take time and effort to achieve, it is 

 generally agreed that it would be appropriate to start the discussions 

 soon. Discussions should take place at two levels. First, there 

 should be an effort to reach agreement on program goals since the 

 Europeans do not understand current U.S. program goals. Second, there 

 should be joint efforts at a technical level to see if agreement can 

 be reached on the intermediate objectives and the possible timing of 



