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APPENDIX I APPENDIX I 



INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE EFFORTS 

 AND DOE'S STRATEGY TO ACHIEVE 

 FUSION R&D OBJECTIVES 



International cooperative efforts in the U.S. fusion program 

 can be grouped into three broad categories: (1) information 

 exchanges, (2) personnel exchanges, and (3) joint projects involv- 

 ing the transfer of funds or equipment. In the latter, one coun- 

 try contributes funds or equipment to another country's program to 

 build or upgrade a facility in exchange for direct participation 

 in the experimental activities at the facility. Within each of 

 these broad categories, existing U.S. cooperative R&D efforts with 

 the other countries that have major fusion programs cover a broad 

 spectrum of scientific and technical areas. 



Information exchanges 



U.S. fusion scientists and program managers participate in 

 numerous international cooperative efforts that primarily involve 

 the exchange of information. This exchange often occurs at meet- 

 ings, such as symposia, conferences, and workshops, or in the 

 publication of information in technical journals. Meetings may 

 vary in scope, both in terms of the material covered and in the 

 number of participants involved. For example, the International 

 Atomic Energy Agency^ sponsors conferences, such as the biennial 

 conference on fusion energy, which are attended by representatives 

 from a worldwide membership. The conferences cover a variety of 

 topics related to fusion energy research and development. Other 

 meetings are much more focused, and are attended by a limited 

 number of participants. In addition, information exchanges are 

 carried out under International Energy Agency and bi-lateral 

 arrangements . 



The International Atomic Energy Agency also sponsors the 

 International Tokamak Reactor workshop, a multinational study to 

 produce an advanced tokamak reactor design. Under this study, the 

 United States, Japan, the European Community, and the Soviet Union 

 have met periodically since 1978 to define the characteristics of 

 the next major tokamak facility. This facility would follow the 

 current generation of large tokamaks such as Princeton's Tokamak 

 Fusion Test Reactor and the Joint European Torus in Britain. 

 Because of the myriad of problems involved in pursuing a large 

 joint R&D construction project of this type, it is unlikely that 

 such a facility will ever be built cooperatively. However, the 



^The International Atomic Energy Agency is a United Nations 

 organization that encourages the peaceful uses of atomic energy 

 throughout the world. Its activities include organizing meet- 

 ings, establishintj nuclear activity safety standards, and 

 advising governments on atomic energy programs. 



