743 



prograr.s co encourage expansion of foreign R^D, or refocusing 

 of foreign RiD on objectives Che US sees as prioricy problems 

 (e.g., efforts co scinulace energy-related RiD through the 

 lEA, or sone aspects of the Japanese cooperative program). 



III. SaT activities desicned co serve international development 

 obiectives . 



This category, closely relaced Co the previous, involves chose 

 activities particularly geared to the developmenc objeccives of che US 

 and developing countries across Che range fron che poorest Co those no-- 

 considered "middle-income". The juscif icacion for separacion from other 

 foreign policy interests is sirr.ply che presenc magnicude and likely 

 future significance of this category co che US. In addlcion, che 

 different policy and funding scructure in che developmenc area makes che 

 issues to be dealt wich subscancially discincc. Examples are: 



programs of cooperation between US agencies, or US-funded 

 inscicucions and chose in LDC's on developmenc problems, 

 somecimes in che concexc of dedicated bilateral agreements, 

 other Cimes on an individual projecc basis; 



support of RiD in institutions outside che US on developmenc 

 problems ; 



commitment of RiD resources in Che US to work on developmenc 

 probleas, varying from full commitment of some resources co 

 partial modification of domestically-oriented programs co make 

 Chen more relevanc to application for development; 



application of US S&T capabilities to development needs 

 abroad, such as resource exploration, Landsat imagery, com- 

 munications technology; 



participation in international SiT programs (UN and others) 

 concerned with development. 



IV. US RSD for foreicn policy objectives 



This category, included for completeness, refers co che dedicacion 

 of RiD resources co serve foreign policy incerescs, such as milicary, 

 spare, intelligence and similar goals. In one sense, che majority of 

 governraent-f unded R^D in che US is intended to serve che nacion's 

 international interests. This, of course, is a general rather than 

 specific relacionship. 



However, in some specific areas, for example, non-prolif eracion, 

 there is the possibility of detailed modification of RiD objeccives in 

 the light of foreign policy objectives. "(Development-related RiD also 

 is an example, but is considered separately.) In practice, the intervention 

 of fjreign policy considerations in che RiD process proves to be exceedingly 



