744 



difficult in ths US Governnen: and noc particularly successful. The 

 issues involved are incerescing and challar.ging, buc are noc central co 

 chis analysis, and will noc be considered lurcher hare. 



Policy. Manacer.enc Issues 



Cacagory I; Incernacional accivicies direccly supporctng 

 US "donescic" KLD cbjeccives 



Key RacoT--nendacion : Take steps necessary, starting at the ^^■hice House 

 to encourage nore of an international perspective in Governnent RiD 

 prograr.s, including assurance of high-level interest, receptivity for 

 developnent of international aspects of programs, recognition of greater 

 uncertainty necessarily encountered in program evaluation, and villlngness 

 to allow liaiced extra funds for exploratory and higher infrastructure 

 costs. 



This category of activities poses the least difficult innediate 

 raanagexent issues since the programs presumably must and can compete for 

 funds within agency budgets and objectives. Criteria are clear, or 

 at least no less clear than for R&D in general, and it is evident what 

 programs new proposals are to be compared against. 



To the extent there is an issue here, it has to do with the general 

 interest in and encouragement of an international perspective in Governr.en: 

 RiD programs. Tha dominant domestic orientation of the RiD enterprise 

 has historical, commercial, security and prestige roots, that will long 

 preserve that situation. But, it is anomalous in an era in which high- 

 quality R6D capability exists (and is growing) in many countries that 

 share US interests, in which the problems facing these societies are 

 increasingly cormon and intertwined with those of the US, and in which 

 the costs of R&D increase so as to limit the ability of any one country, 

 even the US, to seek answers entirely on its own, that so little of an 

 international perspective is yet in evidence. 



To begin to develop chat perspective, to take more advantage of the 

 RiD benefits of international cooperation, and to realize the potential 

 value CO the US of an international approach co the problems that loom 

 so large in all societies will not develop naturally. Agencies and 

 particularly the lower levels of RSD management, would have to be sure 

 not only that there is high-level interest in international activities 

 that support their RiD objectives, but also that international programs, 

 if competitive, would be welcomed in their overall program and that the 

 likely greater uncertainties encountered in evaluation of new proposals 

 would be synpachecically caken inco account. Some liniced funds wichin 

 agencies for exploracion of opporcunities , for higher inf rascructure 

 costs, and for topping out purposes co add an incernacional dimension Co 

 existing projects, would be appropriate. 



