748 



In aJJi-icn, many activities should not be disci-ece separate pro-^rarii;, 

 buc part o: larger efforts. If most international funds had to come 

 from tlie Departr.ent of State, the bureaucratic burden would be encr-nous 

 and probably intolerable. Moreover, this route is not likely to develop 

 the desired corx-.itment and competence in Che agencies. 



A fund in the Department of State that -ould be available for tnose 

 projects vhich are of very low interest to an agency and hence motivated 

 almost entirely by foreigr. policy purposes, or for which unexpeccedlv 

 rapid conumitment of funds is necessary night be more easily justified. 

 It seems unlikely that State could obtain substantial funds from the 

 Cop.gress for this purpose either, and would have Che dan-^cr that the 

 projects supported would be so political as to make them vulnerable to 

 attack. On the other hand, it Ic could be done, a small fund of this 

 kind could be useful. 



Establishment of dedicated funds in another agency, such as the 

 N'SF, has some of the same problems as a State Department fund, except 

 that it has proven more feasible to appropriate money to the N'SF for 

 international programs, and NSF's internal competence in science and 

 technology could make it easier to work with the technical programs of 

 other agencies. As is evident from past use of NSF in this way, however, 

 any agency finds ic difficult to accommodace subscancial funds Chat, as 

 a matter of course, are only to be justified and spent by others. Ic 

 also puts NSF in che middle between domestic and international agencies 

 with little stake of its own. 



The ISTC is noc a saleable candidace for many of che programs in 

 this category because of its focus on development, rather than on more 

 general foreign policy concerns, and because the size of its budget is 

 likely to be too limited. It can provide some resources when dealing 

 with middle income countries, but a broader role would alter its primary 

 purpose. The ISTC can be parcicularly useful, however, as a source of 

 information and coordinacion of incernacional science and cechnological 

 programs to help in Che budgecary and managemenc process, which is one 

 of its intended purposes (of which more later). 



The bi-national foundation approach has considerable appeal for a 

 limited number of countries as a result of its permanent basis Chac does 

 noc require annual appropriacions or decailed oversighc. By definicion, 

 it is not available for short-term foreign policy purposes though it's 

 existence and successful operacion can obviously concribute sceadily to 

 relatonships. Its independence is an asset, but by che same token it is 

 e.Kternal to US Jeparcmencs and agencies and not likely over time co 

 stimulate interr.acional incerescs wichin chose agencies, or see its 

 mission as incegracion of sciencific and cechnological capacicy wich I'S 

 incernacional incerescs. Finally, its independent status makes program 

 review or modification difficult once a direction is sec. 



