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programme that the third category is a necessary first step. 

 The purpose would be simply to identify overlap and duplication 

 as v/ell as opportunities for other forms of cooperation. In 

 such cases that limited degree of cooperation may be sufficient, 

 and already represent a substantial forward step. In some 

 categories, such as special research centres established in 

 each country (e.g. generic technology centres), what may be 

 called for is institutional arrangements for cooperation among 

 national centres. For other subjects, in which there are now 

 substantial programmes in some countries, such as deep ocean 

 exploration, the second category of task-sharing may be 

 justified 'as a v/ay of making more rapid progress and avoiding 

 duplicative programmes. 



It is worth recalling, in passing, that there is 

 growing concern among OECD countries at v/hat appears to be a 

 substantial falling off of the movement of scientists and 

 engineers among OECD countries. If this is so, one important 

 focus of increased cooperation would be to stimulate greater 

 interaction of this kind. The case for that need not be 

 made here, but should be examined in the OECD context. 



B. The basic science to industrial technology spectrum 

 It has become a commonplace to observe that 

 international cooperation v/orks best when dealing with basic 

 science, and tends to be very much more difficult as the subject 

 is closer to the marketplace. By now it should be realised that 

 this rule is an enormous oversimplification. In fact, those 

 fields of basic science requiring' large facilities such as 

 new accelerators or new telescopes probably should receive 



