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most advanced find themselves critically dependent on others for resources, 

 infornation, capital, markets, food, and even technology itself. 



Traditional geopolitical factors have been altered or expanded by advances 

 in science and technology to include, inter al ia , size and number of 

 long-range nuclear missiles, satellite communications and surveillance 

 capability, competence of the educational system, fundamental change in the 

 very significance of major conflict, and, critically, R&D capacity. 



The results of RSD have also thrown up new technologies of global scale, 

 creating wholly new issues in international affairs, notably atomic energy and 

 space. And the side effects of technological societies have altered 

 traditional international issues, or created major new ones, such as 

 transborder environmental concerns, stratospheric modification, or ocean 

 exploitation. 



Not all of these changes in international affairs are encompassed within a 

 traditional notion of "security." But the web of interactions so /\ 

 Characteristic of a technological world in effect make it difficult, and 

 misleading, to attempt to exclude, say, economic concerns of developing 

 countries from the concept of international security. In fact, the broad 

 issues of food, health, resources, energy, population are as legitimately 

 aspects of security as are military issues. Certainly, the progress of 

 developing countries in those areas will be directly relevant not only to 

 their own security, but also to that of the U.S. 



Given these effects of science and technology on the international system 

 and on the international security of states, it is interesting to observe that 

 the support for science and technology is primarily a national endeavor in all 



