781 



In the private sector as well, R&D decisions are heavily conditioned by 

 the U.S. market, with American industry still dominantly concerned with U.S. 

 sales, and only gradually adjusting to the growing share of exports in the 

 economy . 



The implications of this situation are evident throughout the discussion 

 of specific issues below, and deserve more elaboration subsequently to suggest 

 possible policy or institutional departures that could be undertaken. 



Of course, not all needs or issues (or opportunities) are handicapped by 

 this particular institutional problem. What follows is a broader discussion 

 of the issues in the interaction of science, technology and international 

 security that are likely to be central questions over the next five years, and 

 with which science and technology, or U.S. Government policy will have to, or 

 should, cope. Though the focus is on a five-year period, policies cannot 

 sensibly be seen in that short time frame without reference to a much longer 

 time horizon, with long-term objectives explicitly or implicitly in mind. 

 Where relevant, what are in effect assumptions about desirable futures will be 

 spelled out. The final section will be concerned with some of the institution/ 

 policy process questions raised by the specific issues. 



II. Key Issue Areas 



It is tempting to start with national security issues, which appear to be 

 most directly related to the subject. But, as is reflected in the U.S. today, 

 economic issues are likely to receive policy priority in the next few years, 

 with important issues and consequences for international security. In 



