offices, wnlch more often than not, are weak and removed from the core of the 

 agency's Interests. 



Rather, It Is a matter of Infusing the whole government with policies. 

 Institutions, and rhetoric to make possible a gradual change of attitude that 

 conforms to today's, and tomorrow's Increaslnig, reality. The Congress must 

 also be no small part of that change, and ought to be forcing the Executive 

 Branch to recognize what Is needed. 



B. Integration of Science and Technology In Policy 

 The problems of planning in science and technology -related areas are 

 particularly severe, and pose major problems of governance in technological 

 societies. There are many aspects: how to represent scientific and 

 technological information and uncertainty adequately in the policy process; 

 how to plan for effects of science and technology not only uncertain, but 

 possibly seen too late to alter once the effects are in evidence; how to 

 estimate risks and benefits which fall unequally within a society or 

 internationally, with interested parties often not represented in the policy 

 process; how to deal with issues in which the relevant information is under 

 the monopoly of one segment of society, or of one government; and a host of 

 other issues. 



No single solution is adequate; in fact, these problems, as all problems 

 of governance, are not solvable — all that is possible is amelioration or 

 improvement. However, these are difficulties that directly involve 

 understanding of science and technology, and thus require adequate 

 representation of science and technology in the policy process. That includes 



