934 



up by advisory services from the nongovernmental community of hydrolo- 

 gists, can perform this function. 



5. Because of the nature of the IHP and the role played by UNESCO, 

 the simplest, most efficient interim alternative arrangement is to make 

 maximum use of Funds-in-Trust, donations, etc., coupled with a strong 

 nationally managed effort to enhance U.S. participation. 



MAJOR PROGRAM X: 

 THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT AND TERRESTRIAL AND MARINE RESOURCES 



The Marine Sciences Program: 



The Ocean and Its Resources; 



Management of Coastal and Island Regions 



(X.4 and X.5) 



Assessment/Potential Impacts 



UNESCO marine science activities cover a wide range of interests, 

 including promotion of collaborative research; strengthening of national 

 infrastructures concerned with ocean circulation, climate, fisheries, 

 and marine pollution; and environmental management of islands and 

 coastal zones. There are three major units of UNESCO involved in these 

 activities: (1) the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); 

 (2) the Division of Marine Sciences; and (3) the Man and the Biosphere 

 Program (MAB) . Taken together, subprograms X.4 and X.5 have an annual 

 budget (project, staff and overhead) of about $8.8 million, of which 

 the U.S. share is about $2.2 million. Restricting attention to program 

 costs (project, plus staff) , the total annual expenditure is about 

 $5.5 million, of which the U.S. share is about $1.4 million. Support 

 for program activities from other sources, such as UNDP and UNEP, 

 totals slightly less than $4 million annually, which is a significant 

 contribution to the overall UNESCO effort devoted to marine sciences. 

 About half the project costs are associated with activities that are 

 primarily scientific in character and are of particular interest to 

 U.S. research interests. The United States is interested in all UNESCO 

 efforts devoted to the effective strengthening of national and global 

 capabilities concerned with the topics covered by X.4 and X,5 program 

 activities. 



About half of the resources available for X.4 and X.5 activities 

 are administered by the IOC secretariat. The overall purpose of the 

 IOC, an autonomous body established within UNESCO in 1960, is to pro- 

 mote the development of marine sciences through international collabor- 

 ation. The IOC facilitates scientific planning and program coordina- 

 tion, assists scientists in member states to participate in inter- 

 national marine science programs, promotes exchange of oceanographic 

 data, and sponsors education and training activities in marine science 

 and technology to enhance the national capabilities of the developing 

 countries. In recent years, the interests of the developing world have 

 received increased attention in the work of IOC. In the view of some 



