1053 



U.S. GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND POLICY PROCESS 43 



can be reasonably limited on the assumption that programs once es- 

 tablished should move into a competitive process of some kind as rap- 

 idly as possible. Under that assumption, the Department oi State 

 could be the logical repository of such segregated funds; more realisti- 

 cally, they should be line items in the appropriate domestic agency 

 budgets and/or dedicated international funds in the NSF. 



CODA 



The analysis of the problem seems clear, but an effective institu- 

 tional mechanism and appropriate policies are not easy to formulate 

 within the U.S. government structure. Something must be done. The 

 U.S. government is simply poorly positioned to use science and tech- 

 nology in support of its international objectives, especially when an 

 unambiguous scientific justification is not possible. Even when it is, 

 the United States is often muscle-bound in its structure and process in 

 providing incentives or support for international cooperation that is 

 in the national interest. Though there are many explanations for this 

 situation, the fact of the matter is that the changing nature of the prob- 

 lems the nation and the world face, the diffusion of scientific compe- 

 tence, and the economic pressures on Western societies make it essen- 

 tial that ways be found to spur rather than discourage international 

 cooperation in science and technology. 



REFERENCES AND NOTES 



1 . Science, Technology and American Diplomacy. 1082. Third Annual Report Submitted 

 to the Congress by the President Pursuant to Sect. 503(b) ot Title V oi P.L. 95-426. 

 Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Ottice. 



2. Development purposes — related to developing country problems — are considered sepa- 

 rately from foreign policy purposes for reasons ot clarity though the separation is some- 

 what artificial. 



