1090 



144 SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL COOPERATION 



tinental operations. This is the principal price we pay for all accruing 

 benefits. 



CHANGING BOUNDARY CONDITIONS: OUTLOOK 



At present, we appear to be crossing a dividing line in the operational 

 mode of high-energy physics operations. It may have been marked by 

 the migration, in 1982, of an active major detector from the SPEAR facil- 

 ity at Stanford to the DORIS facility at Hamburg, Germany. Concurrently, 

 the Crystal Ball Collaboration, which had operated this detector at SLAC, 

 doubled in size, swelling its ranks with European collaborators. The detec- 

 tor, after being adapted to its new habitat, has been taking data since early 

 this year. 



The trend is motivated by the drying up of more and more beam 

 "spigots" available to experimental groups of moderate size, the 

 emergence of unique facilities abroad, and the determination of the in- 

 ternational high-energy physics community to operate as free of na- 

 tional and regional bias as possible. U.S.-CERN relations are realigning 

 themselves to this development. 



If we look at the machine facilities presently available, or firmly ap- 

 proved for construction such that experimental planning is already 

 under way, the message becomes clear: A few years from now, initial- 

 state (i.e., machine) parameters for high-energy experimentation will be 

 different in Europe, in the United States, and in Japan. In the United 

 States, there will be 1,000-GeV fixed-target physics as well as 1 X 1-TeV 

 pp collisions at the FNAL and 50 X 50-GeV e + e ~ annihilations at SLC, 

 plus the remaining (and possibly upgraded) lower-energy facilities at 

 Stanford, Cornell, Los Alamos, and BNL. CERN will have the pp Col- 

 lider program, probably upgraded in luminosity, LEP, and the remain- 

 ing SPS fixed-target program. Electron-proton (ep) physics will most 

 probably be available at the HERA facility in Hamburg, Germany, 

 where 30-GeV-electrons will meet head-on with 800-GeV protons; there 

 will be 30 X 30-GeV e + e " interactions at the TRISTAN facility (Japan); 

 possibly, the UNK facility (in the Soviet Union) will offer 3-TeV fixed- 

 target physics. 



CERN is attracting large contingents of U.S. physicists to its LEP pro- 

 gram, since the SLC is slated for only one experimental region. (Also, 

 LEP promises to have higher luminosity and, in its second phase, higher 

 energy than the SLC, and thereby the prospect of investigating a wider 

 variety of processes.) While, typically, DOE support for the CERN 

 operations of U.S. groups has totaled some $0.5 million per year, this 



