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U.S. PARTICIPATION AT CERN ■ 145 



will rise to some $7-8 million per year with LEP operations. If we include 

 the total support for U.S. high-energy physics groups operating abroad, 

 this figure will approximately double and make up some 13 percent of 

 the U.S. DOE university support volume by the agency. In fact, pro- 

 jected U.S. expenditures for one of the LEP detectors (L-3) are of the 

 same order as the target cost of both detectors at the U.S. "competitor" 

 installation, the SLC. Clearly, interregional operations in high-energy 

 physics have become more than a fringe phenomenon; U.S. relations 

 with Europe and Japan will have to be defined within our discipline. 

 U.S. -CERN arrangements may have to be modified. 



The International Committee on Future Accelerators (ICFA) has de- 

 fined a set of guidelines for interregional collaboration in particle 

 physics, which attempt to ensure access to all high-energy physics 

 facilities to appropriately staffed and supported groups of scientists ir- 

 respective of their national origin. Scientific merit should be the prin- 

 cipal criterion for acceptance of an experiment proposal; but local col- 

 laboration should be secured for any distant-based originator of a pro- 

 posal, and ultimate control rests with the host institution. 



Given the great success of informal U.S. -CERN exchanges in the past, 

 it must be our goal to keep formal arrangements at a minimum level. 

 Still, the sheer volume of U.S. interest in CERN has led to some un- 

 precedented changes. Frequent contacts between CERN management 

 and the DOE High Energy Physics (HEP) Office culminated in the ex- 

 change of formal letters between the present CERN director-general, 

 Herwig Schopper, and the director of the DOE-HEP Office, James 

 Leiss, affirming the ground rules for U.S. -CERN relations; and a U.S. 

 representative was made a member of the selection committee for LEP 

 experiments (R. Taylor of SLAC). 



The recent decision not to pursue the construction of a high- 

 luminosity, high-energy (400 + 400-GeV) pp Collider in the United 

 States has contributed to the concern that U.S. participation at CERN 

 will be much stronger than CERN member-state participation at U.S. 

 facilities. HERA and TRISTAN construction will add to the trend of 

 U.S. scientists' participating in experiments abroad. The worry that this 

 will lead to a massive spending of U.S. high-energy physics funds 

 abroad, to the detriment of the national laboratories, must be seen in 

 context: 



• Insufficient coordination and subcritical funding of U.S. facilities 

 and facility development are largely the basis of this imbalance. 



• While reciprocity is a laudable objective in interregional coopera- 

 tion, it is not at all compelling that such balance would have to be 



